Practical guide and verification
Scaling changes two dimensions
If both width and height are multiplied by the same scale factor, pixel count changes by the square of that factor. A 50% linear scale produces one quarter as many pixels, not half.
Preserve aspect ratio deliberately
Uniform scaling keeps the original shape. Changing width and height by different percentages distorts the image unless a crop or non-square pixel workflow is intended.
Common mistake
A larger pixel dimension does not create new source detail. Upscaling interpolates additional pixels and may improve compatibility or presentation, but it cannot recover information that was never captured.