Modular Exponentiation Calculator

Enter a base, non-negative exponent, and positive modulus to compute modular powers with repeated-squaring steps.

Base a

Exponent b

Modulus n

Modular power

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Repeated squaring keeps intermediate values reduced modulo n.

a^b mod n

Repeated-squaring steps

Bit step	Exponent state	Current power	Multiply?	Result

This is exact integer modular arithmetic. It is useful for math/programming exercises, but this page is not a cryptographic protocol implementation or key-management system.

How to use this Modular Exponentiation Calculator

Enter a base, non-negative exponent, and positive modulus. The calculator uses exact BigInt repeated squaring to compute a^b mod n without constructing the full power.

Definitions and limits

The step table explains modular exponentiation for math and programming work. It is not a cryptographic protocol implementation, key generator, or security audit tool.