Practical guide and verification
Pixels and print dimensions are linked by PPI
Print size in inches is pixel dimension divided by pixels per inch. Changing a metadata DPI/PPI tag without resampling does not create additional image detail.
Viewing distance changes requirements
A small photo held close may need more pixels per inch than a large poster viewed from several metres away. There is no single quality threshold appropriate for every print.
Common mistake
Do not confuse printer hardware DPI with image PPI. Printer dots and source-image pixels describe different parts of the printing process.