Enter an initial cash flow, future cash flows, and discount rate to calculate NPV locally.
Every row is one equally spaced period. For IRR, the entered rate is used only for the comparison NPV.
Planning estimate only. Results depend on the values and assumptions you enter and are not financial, tax, legal, or lending advice.
Start with the broad calculator that matches the decision, then move to a specialist only when the loan structure, cash flow, tax treatment, debt strategy or savings goal genuinely changes.
The primary NPV result remains first. This audit layer reuses the same cash-flow inputs to show all detected IRR roots, simple and discounted payback, a period-by-period discounted cash-flow schedule, profitability index when the period-0 outlay is negative, and an NPV-vs-rate profile for verification.
IRR is checked for multiple roots; the entered rate is treated as the rate per cash-flow period.
The entered percentage is a rate per cash-flow period. Mixing an annual rate with monthly cash-flow rows changes the meaning of the result.
This calculator is a deterministic planning aid based only on the values you enter. It does not supply current tax rates, market returns, employment-law classifications, individualized investment advice, or product recommendations. Verify real-world rates, rules, fees, and timing separately.
Use the tool first, then apply these checks to verify inputs, interpret the result, and hand it off without displacing the primary workflow.
The rate entered here is per cash-flow period. Annual cash flows need an annual discount rate; monthly cash flows need a compatible monthly rate. Mixing an annual rate with monthly periods changes every discount factor. Record both the period convention and rate source so the NPV can be independently rebuilt in a spreadsheet or financial model.
IRR can be absent or non-unique when cash flows change sign more than once. A single IRR number can therefore be misleading for unconventional projects. Review the cash-flow signs, inspect the NPV profile, and prefer NPV at the required return when multiple roots or ranking conflicts appear.
Simple payback ignores the time value of money, while discounted payback still ignores cash flows after recovery. Both are useful timing indicators but should not replace NPV. Keep the discounted cash-flow schedule visible so the decision is based on the full stream rather than the first period in which cumulative value turns positive.
A precise NPV only means the entered assumptions were discounted precisely. Revenue, costs, terminal values, discount rates, taxes, and timing can all be uncertain. Test plausible rate and cash-flow scenarios, document the assumptions, and use appropriate professional review for material investment or financing decisions.
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